[Haley]

“Unusual clinical and pathological observations in the field in goats and sheep suffering fromStrongyloides papillosus infection prompted experimental work on this parasite. Goats were infectedpercutaneously with either single or multiple, low or high levels of S. papillosus. Young goats up to 12months of age were found to be the most susceptible. Some animals, however, showed substantialresistance to infective doses. Clinical signs included transient diarrhoea, misshapen, elongated faecalpellets terminally, dehydration, anorexia, cachexia, gnashing of teeth, foaming at the mouth, anaemiaand nervous signs such as ataxia, a wide-based stance, stupor and nystagmus. A ‘pushing syndrome’was seen in 22% of the animals. The pathological changes are described and included enteritis, statusspongiosus in the brain, hepatosis leading to rupture of the liver, nephrosis, pulmonary oedema,interstitial pneumonia and pneumonia. About 6% of the goats died acutely from fatal hepatic rupture.The development of an acquired immunity was determined. The immunity elicited an allergic skinreaction at the application site of larvae or injection sites of larval metabolites. This immunity,however, could be breached by large doses of larvae. The most profound clinicopathological changesinduced by the parasites were an anaemia (most pronounced in the young goats) andhypophosphataemia. Trace element analyses provided evidence of Cu, Mn and possibly Sedeficiencies in some goats.”

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