[theholisticgoat]

Here’s a 1995 study that compared cortisol and white blood cell count between surgically castrated, banded and control (left intact) bull calves. The bottom line: both castrated groups experienced higher cortisol and WBC. “These results indicate that the cortisol
response for SUR was an acute, intense elevation of
short duration, and that for BAN was of less initial
intensity but also of short duration.”

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/14807/PDF

Plasma-cortisol-and-white-blood-cell-responses-in-different-breeds-of-bulls.pdf 793 KB PDF - Click to view

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